A consistent view is needed or perhaps DM simply does not exist. It seems we should soon be able to clearly define what DM is from these new efforts reported. The GR metric for expanding space did not use DM or DE originally and cosmology calculators can be used without DM or DE too. The BB model does not explain the origin of DM (whether WIMPS, AXIONS, or something else) and does not explain the origin of physical law and constants found in nature. ![]() In the solar system, the heliocentric solar system does not need axions or wimps to explain planet motion, same for detailed observations of more than 5300 exoplanets. More observations I feel are needed here. The current report in favors axions as the particles to explain DM as modeled using QSO HS 0810+2554. The cosmology calculators show comoving radial distance for z=1.5, space must expand faster than c velocity, 1.0209580E+00 or 1.02 x c velocity. Based on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by Aura, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26 555 and on observations at the German - Spanish Astronomical Center (DSAZ) on Calar Alto, Spain." The image configuration resembles very much that of PG 1115+080 except that in HS 0810+2554 image splittings (<=1'') are smaller by a factor of ~ 2.5 and HS 0810+2554 is brighter by ~ 1. There is also evidence for a lens galaxy in the center of the images which is fainter than A by a factor of le 30 at 7150 Å. The coadded images show a close bright double A (V=16.0) and B (16.7) separated by 0.25 arcsec plus two fainter images C (17.4) and D (18.8). The gravitational lens character has been discovered serendipitously by means of short (12 times 1 s) HST/STIS target acquisition images. "We announce the probable discovery of a new very bright gravitationally lensed QSO, HS 0810+2554 (z=1.50, V=15.3). Discovery of a new quadruply lensed QSO: HS 0810+2554 - A brighter twin to PG 1115+080,, January 2002. The NASA ADS Abstract has a 2002 report on this QSO lensing. Ref - Einstein rings modulated by wavelike dark matter from anomalies in gravitationally lensed images,, 20-April-2023. New look at 'Einstein rings' around distant galaxies just got us closer to solving the dark matter debate, Here is another recent report using gravitational lensing. Interesting to follow efforts to study and define DM. Related: Is the origin of dark matter gravity itself? "If dark matter goes 'crunch', or if bits are chipped off, we could finally start to learn what it’s made of." Essentially, we're using the largest particle accelerators in the universe, to smash lumps of dark matter and see where the bits fly," Durham University professor of physics, Richard Massey, said in a statement (opens in new tab). "It takes the gravity from an entire galaxy to move dark matter, and SuperBIT will look at clusters of galaxies that happen to be colliding with each other. This research could finally reveal what particles make up dark matter. SuperBIT could help scientists determine if dark matter particles can bounce off each other, when neighboring galactic clusters collide. ![]() Gravitational lensing is thus an excellent way to map dark matter's distribution. This makes dark matter virtually invisible, but thanks to the fact it does interact with gravity, astronomers can infer its presence. Lowenthal (Smith College)) (opens in new tab)ĭark matter doesn't interact with electromagnetic radiation or light as ordinary matter that surrounds us on a day-to-day basis does. ![]() Color has been added to highlight details in the galaxies. The images were taken in infrared light by Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3. Six different images from the Hubble Space Telescope have been magnified by a cosmic effect called gravitational lensing.
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